Consumables

Consumables are items which can be used over a period of time, 'consuming' them in the process. Anything that can be eaten or drunk in Minecraft is a consumable of some kind.

The Consumable Data Component

Any item that can be consumed has the DataComponents#CONSUMABLE component. The backing record Consumable defines how the item is consumed and what effects to apply after consumption.

A Consumable can be created either by directly calling the record constructor or via Consumable#builder, which sets the defaults for each field, followed by build once finished:

• consumeSeconds - A float representing the number of seconds needed to fully consume the item. Item#finishUsingItem is called after the alloted time passes. Defaults to 1.6 seconds, or 32 ticks.
• animation - Sets the ItemUseAnimation to play while the item is being used. Defaults to ItemUseAnimation#EAT.
• sound - Sets the SoundEvent to play while consuming the item. This must be a Holder instance. Defaults to SoundEvents#GENERIC_EAT.
  • If a vanilla instance is not a Holder<SoundEvent>, a Holder wrapped version can be obtained by calling BuiltInRegistries.SOUND_EVENT.wrapAsHolder(soundEvent).
• soundAfterConsume - Sets the SoundEvent to player once the item has finished being consumed. This delegates to the PlaySoundConsumeEffect.
• hasConsumeParticles - When true, spawns item particles every four ticks and once the item is fully consumed. Defauts to true.
• onConsume - Adds a ConsumeEffect to apply once the item has fully been consumed via Item#finishUsingItem.

Vanilla provides some consumables within their Consumables class, such as #defaultFood for food items and #defaultDrink for potions and milk buckets.

The Consumable component can be added by calling Item.Properties#component:

// Assume there is some DeferredRegister.Items ITEMS
public static final DeferredItem<Item> CONSUMABLE = ITEMS.registerSimpleItem(
    "consumable",
    props -> props.component(
        DataComponents.CONSUMABLE,
        Consumable.builder()
            // Spend 2 seconds, or 40 ticks, to consume
            .consumeSeconds(2f)
            // Sets the animation to play while consuming
            .animation(ItemUseAnimation.BLOCK)
            // Play sound while consuming every tick
            .sound(SoundEvents.ARMOR_EQUIP_CHAIN)
            // Play sound once finished consuming
            .soundAfterConsume(SoundEvents.BREEZE_WIND_CHARGE_BURST)
            // Don't show particles while eating
            .hasConsumeParticles(false)
            .onConsume(
                // When finished consuming, applies the effects with a 30% chance
                new ApplyStatusEffectsConsumeEffect(new MobEffectInstance(MobEffects.HUNGER, 600, 0), 0.3F)
            )
            // Can have multiple
            .onConsume(
                // Teleports the entity randomly in a 50 block radius
                new TeleportRandomlyConsumeEffect(100f)
            )
            .build()
    )
);

ConsumeEffect

When a consumable has finished being used, you may want to trigger some kind of logic to execute like adding a potion effect. These are handled by ConsumeEffects, which are added to the Consumable by calling Consumable.Builder#onConsume.

A list of vanilla effects can be found in ConsumeEffect.

Every ConsumeEffect has two methods: getType, which specifies the registry object ConsumeEffect.Type; and apply, which is called on the item when it has been fully consumed. apply takes three arguments: the Level the consuming entity is in, the ItemStack the consumable was called on, and the LivingEntity consuming the object. When the effect is successfully applied, the method returns true, or false if it failed.

A ConsumeEffect can be created by implementing the interface and registering the ConsumeEffect.Type with the associated MapCodec and StreamCodec to BuiltInRegistries#CONSUME_EFFECT_TYPE:

public record UsePortalConsumeEffect(ResourceKey<Level> level)
    implements ConsumeEffect, Portal {

    @Override
    public boolean apply(Level level, ItemStack stack, LivingEntity entity) {
        if (entity.canUsePortal(false)) {
            entity.setAsInsidePortal(this, entity.blockPosition());

            // Can successfully use portal
            return true;
        }

        // Cannot use portal
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public ConsumeEffect.Type<? extends ConsumeEffect> getType() {
        // Set to registered object
        return USE_PORTAL.get();
    }

    @Override
    @Nullable
    public TeleportTransition getPortalDestination(ServerLevel level, Entity entity, BlockPos pos) {
        // Set teleport location
    }
}

// In some registrar class
// Assume there is some DeferredRegister<ConsumeEffect.Type<?>> CONSUME_EFFECT_TYPES
public static final Supplier<ConsumeEffect.Type<UsePortalConsumeEffect>> USE_PORTAL =
    CONSUME_EFFECT_TYPES.register("use_portal", () -> new ConsumeEffect.Type<>(
        ResourceKey.codec(Registries.DIMENSION).optionalFieldOf("dimension")
            .xmap(UsePortalConsumeEffect::new, UsePortalConsumeEffect::level),
        ResourceKey.streamCodec(Registries.DIMENSION)
            .map(UsePortalConsumeEffect::new, UsePortalConsumeEffect::level)
    ));

// For some Item.Properties that is adding a CONSUMABLE component
Consumable.builder()
    .onConsume(
        new UsePortalConsumeEffect(Level.END)
    )
    .build();

ItemUseAnimation

ItemUseAnimation is functionally an enum which doesn't define anything besides its id and name. Its uses are hardcoded into ItemHandRenderer#renderArmWithItem for first person and AvatarRenderer#getArmPose for third person. As such, simply creating a new ItemUseAnimation will only function similarly to ItemUseAnimation#NONE.

To apply some animation, you need to implement IClientItemExtensions#applyForgeHandTransform for first person and/or IClientItemExtensions#getArmPose for third person rendering.

Creating the ItemUseAnimation

First, let's create a new ItemUseAnimation. This is done using the extensible enum system:

{
    "entries": [
        {
            "enum": "net/minecraft/world/item/ItemUseAnimation",
            "name": "EXAMPLEMOD_ITEM_USE_ANIMATION",
            "constructor": "(ILjava/lang/String;)V",
            "parameters": [
                // The id, should always be -1
                -1,
                // The name, should be a unique identifier
                "examplemod:item_use_animation"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

Then we can get the enum constant via valueOf:

public static final ItemUseAnimation EXAMPLE_ANIMATION = ItemUseAnimation.valueOf("EXAMPLEMOD_ITEM_USE_ANIMATION");

From there, we can then start applying the transforms. To do this, we must create a new IClientItemExtensions, implement our desired methods, and register it via RegisterClientExtensionsEvent on the mod event bus:

public class ConsumableClientItemExtensions implements IClientItemExtensions {
    // Implement methods here
}

// In some event handler class
@SubscribeEvent // on the mod event bus only on the physical client
public static void registerClientExtensions(RegisterClientExtensionsEvent event) {
    event.registerItem(
        // The instance of the item extensions
        new ConsumableClientItemExtensions(),
        // A vararg of items that use this
        CONSUMABLE
    )
}

First Person

The first person transform, which all consumables have, is implemented via IClientItemExtensions#applyForgeHandTransform:

public class ConsumableClientItemExtensions implements IClientItemExtensions {

    // ...

    @Override
    public boolean applyForgeHandTransform(
        PoseStack poseStack, LocalPlayer player, HumanoidArm arm, ItemStack itemInHand,
        float partialTick, float equipProcess, float swingProcess
    ) {
        // We first need to check if the item is being used and has our animation
        HumanoidArm usingArm = entity.getUsedItemHand() == InteractionHand.MAIN_HAND
            ? entity.getMainArm()
            : entity.getMainArm().getOpposite();
        if (
            entity.isUsingItem() && entity.getUseItemRemainingTicks() > 0
            && usingArm == arm && itemInHand.getUseAnimation() == EXAMPLE_ANIMATION
        ) {
            // Apply transformations to pose stack (translate, scale, mulPose)
            // ...
            return true;
        }

        // Do nothing
        return false;
    }
}

Third Person

The third person transforms, which all but EAT and DRINK have special logic for, is implemented via IClientItemExtensions#getArmPose, where HumanoidModel.ArmPose can also be extended for a custom transform.

As an ArmPose requries a lambda as part of its constructor, an EnumProxy reference must be used:

{
    "entries": [
        {
            "name": "EXAMPLEMOD_ITEM_USE_ANIMATION",
            // ...
        },
        {
            "enum": "net/minecraft/client/model/HumanoidModel$ArmPose",
            "name": "EXAMPLEMOD_ARM_POSE",
            "constructor": "(ZLnet/neoforged/neoforge/client/IArmPoseTransformer;)V",
            "parameters": {
                // Point to class where the proxy is located
                // Should be separate as this is a client only class
                "class": "example/examplemod/client/MyClientEnumParams",
                // The field name of the enum proxy
                "field": "CUSTOM_ARM_POSE"
            }
        }
    ]
}

// Create the enum parameters
public class MyClientEnumParams {
    public static final EnumProxy<HumanoidModel.ArmPose> CUSTOM_ARM_POSE = new EnumProxy<>(
        HumanoidModel.ArmPose.class,
        // Whether the pose uses both arms
        false,
        // Whether the offhand location should be affected by the model pose
        false,
        // The pose transformer
        (IArmPoseTransformer) MyClientEnumParams::applyCustomModelPose
    );

    private static void applyCustomModelPose(
        HumanoidModel<?> model, HumanoidRenderState state, HumanoidArm arm
    ) {
        // Apply model transforms here
        // ...
    }
}

// In some client only class
public static final HumanoidModel.ArmPose EXAMPLE_POSE = HumanoidModel.ArmPose.valueOf("EXAMPLEMOD_ARM_POSE");

Then, the arm pose is set via IClientItemExtensions#getArmPose:

public class ConsumableClientItemExtensions implements IClientItemExtensions {

    // ...

    @Override
    public HumanoidModel.ArmPose getArmPose(
        LivingEntity entity, InteractionHand hand, ItemStack stack
    ) {
        // We first need to check if the item is being used and has our animation
        if (
            entity.isUsingItem() && entity.getUseItemRemainingTicks() > 0
            && entity.getUsedItemHand() == hand
            && itemInHand.getUseAnimation() == EXAMPLE_ANIMATION
        ) {
            // Return pose to apply
            return EXAMPLE_POSE;
        }

        // Otherwise return null
        return null;
    }
}

Overriding Sounds on Entity

Sometimes, an entity may want to play a different sound while consuming an item. In those instances, the LivingEntity instance can implement Consumable.OverrideConsumeSound and have getConsumeSound return the SoundEvent they want their entity to play.

public class MyEntity extends LivingEntity implements Consumable.OverrideConsumeSound {
    
    // ...

    @Override
    public SoundEvent getConsumeSound(ItemStack stack) {
        // Return the sound to play
    }
}

ConsumableListener

While consumables and effects that are applied after consumption are useful, sometimes the properties of an effect need to be externally available as other [data components][datacomponents]. For example, cats and wolves also eat food and query its nutrition, or item with potion contents query its color for rendering. In these instances, data components implement ConsumableListener to provide consumption logic.

A ConsumableListener only has one method: #onConsume, which takes in the current level, the entity consuming the item, the item being consumed, and the Consumable instance on the item. onConsume is called during Item#finishUsingItem when the item has been fully consumed.

Adding your own ConsumableListener is simply registering a new data component and implementing ConsumableListener.

public record MyConsumableListener() implements ConsumableListener {

    @Override
    public void onConsume(
        Level level, LivingEntity entity, ItemStack stack, Consumable consumable
    ) {
        // Do things here
    }
}

Food

Food is one type of ConsumableListener that is part of the hunger system. All of the functionality for food items is already handled within the Item class, so simply adding the FoodProperties to DataComponents#FOOD along with a consumable is all that's needed. There is a helper method called food which takes in the FoodProperties and the Consumable object, or Consumables#DEFAULT_FOOD if none is specified.

FoodProperties can be created either by directly calling the record constructor or via new FoodProperties.Builder(), followed by build once finished:

• nutrition - Sets how many hunger points are restored. Counts in half hunger points, so for example, Minecraft's steak restores 8 hunger points.
• saturationModifier - The saturation modifier used in calculating the saturation value restored when eating this food. The calculation is min(2 * nutrition * saturationModifier, playerNutrition), meaning that using 0.5 will make the effective saturation value the same as the nutrition value.
• alwaysEdible - Whether this item can always be eaten, even if the hunger bar is full. false by default, true for golden apples and other items that provide bonuses beyond just filling the hunger bar.

// Assume there is some DeferredRegister.Items ITEMS
public static final DeferredItem<Item> FOOD = ITEMS.registerSimpleItem(
    "food",
    props -> props.food(
        new FoodProperties.Builder()
            // Heals 1.5 hearts
            .nutrition(3)
            // Carrot is 0.3
            // Raw Cod is 0.1
            // Cooked Chicken is 0.6
            // Cooked Beef is 0.8
            // Golden Aple is 1.2
            .saturationModifier(0.3f)
            // When set, the food can alway be eaten even with
            //  a full hunger bar.
            .alwaysEdible()
    )
);

For examples, or to look at the various values used by Minecraft, have a look at the Foods class.

To get the FoodProperties for an item, call ItemStack.get(DataComponents.FOOD). This may return null, since not every item is edible. To determine whether an item is edible, null-check the result of the getFoodProperties call.

Potion Contents

The contents of a potion via PotionContents is another ConsumableListener whose effects are applied on consumption. They contain an optional potion to apply, an optional tint for the potion color, a list of custom MobEffectInstances to apply alongside the potion, and an optional translation key to use when getting the stack name. The modder needs to override Item#getName if not a subtype of PotionItem.